where does convection currents occur

Where Does Convection Currents Occur?

the mantle

How does convection current occur?

Convection currents occur when a reservoir of fluid is heated at the bottom, and allowed to cool at the top.. Heat causes the fluid to expand, decreasing its density. If there is cooler material on top, it will be more compact and therefore, will sink to the bottom. The heated material will rise to the top.

Where does convection occur in the atmosphere?

troposphere

Most atmospheric deep convection occurs in the tropics as the rising branch of the Hadley circulation; and represents a strong local coupling between the surface and the upper troposphere which is largely absent in winter midlatitudes.

What is convection current in geography?

A convection current is a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another. It is also called convection heat transfer. … The convection currents tend to move a fluid or gas particles from one place to another.

Where do convection currents occur lithosphere or asthenosphere?

Convection currents generated within the asthenosphere push magma upward through volcanic vents and spreading centres to create new crust. Convection currents also stress the lithosphere above, and the cracking that often results manifests as earthquakes.

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How does convection occur in the Earth’s atmosphere?

Convection happens because warm air is less dense than the cold air around it, so it is lighter and rises or goes up in the atmosphere. … There is a constant balancing act going on all the time in our atmosphere as moist, warm air goes upward and cooler, denser air moves down.

Where does conduction convection and radiation occur?

Conduction usually occurs in solids, through molecular collision. Convection occurs in fluids by mass motion of molecules in the same direction. In contrast, Radiation takes place through the vacuum of space and does not heat up the intervening medium.

Which layer is where convection occurs?

The heat rising from the Earth’s core creates convection currents in the plastic layer of the mantle (asthenosphere). The convection currents slowly move the tectonic plates above them in different directions. Convection currents occur because hot fluids are less dense than cold fluids.

Are convection currents everywhere?

Convection currents are present everywhere, from the atmosphere to magma within the plates. … This process takes place constantly and objects within the air convection current become a part od the heat transfer process. Convection Currents in the deep oceans are due to density and salinity differences.

What are convection currents Geography ks3?

Convection currents, that occur within the molten rock in the mantle, act like a conveyor belt for the plates. Tectonic plates move in different directions. … The friction between the convection current and the crust causes the tectonic plate to move. The liquid rock then sinks back towards the core as it cools.

At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?

Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge? folded mountains.

Why does convection occur in the asthenosphere?

Convection occurs in the asthenosphere and elsewhere in the mantle because heat is generated in Earth’s core. This heat causes molten rock to rise and turn over, and this convective activity extends as far up as the asthenosphere where rock is partially melted and viscous enough to take part in convection.

Where does mantle convection occur?

The mantle is heated from below (the core), and in areas that are hotter it rises upwards (it is buoyant), whereas in areas that are cooler it sink down. This results in convection cells in the mantle, and produces horizontal motion of mantle material close to the Earth surface.

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Where is asthenosphere found in which form does it exist?

the mantle Asthenosphere is found in the mantle at a depth of 100-250 km. It is found in the semi liquid state.

Where does conduction take place in the atmosphere?

Since air is a poor conductor, most energy transfer by conduction occurs right near Earth’s surface. Conduction directly affects air temperature only a few centimeters into the atmosphere. During the day, sunlight heats the ground, which in turn heats the air directly above it via conduction.

Where does radiation occur in the atmosphere?

Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by trapping heat. Some of the heat radiation out from the ground is trapped by greenhouse gases in the troposphere.

What is convection current in tectonic plates?

Convection currents describe the rising, spread, and sinking of gas, liquid, or molten material caused by the application of heat. … Tremendous heat and pressure within the earth cause the hot magma to flow in convection currents. These currents cause the movement of the tectonic plates that make up the earth’s crust.

How convection in the Earth’s interior and conduction?

Convection carries heat to the surface of the mantle much faster than heating by conduction. Conduction is heat transfer by collisions between molecules, and is how heat is transferred from the stove to the soup pot.

Where does heat transfer takes place in the situation?

Transfer of heat normally takes place under all situations provided that the mode of transfer of heat is radiation. Radiation can take place anywhere but the other modes , convention and conduction , cannot take place in vacuum but radiation can.

How does heat transfer occur in metals?

Metal is a good conduction of heat. Conduction occurs when a substance is heated, particles will gain more energy, and vibrate more. These molecules then bump into nearby particles and transfer some of their energy to them. … Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection.

Does convection occur in stratosphere?

The bottom of the stratosphere is around 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above the ground at middle latitudes. … Because of this temperature stratification, there is little convection and mixing in the stratosphere, so the layers of air there are quite stable.

In which two layers do convection currents occur?

Convection currents in the Earth occur in the mantle. The core of the Earth is extremely hot, and material in the mantle close to the core is heated…

Where do we see convection currents in the natural world?

Examples of Convection Currents and Energy Scale

You can observe convection currents in water boiling in a pot. …
A simple example of convection currents is warm air rising toward the ceiling or attic of a house. …
Wind is an example of a convection current. …
Combustion generates convection currents.

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Why does convection occur in the ocean?

Convection drives the Gulf Stream and other currents that turn over and mix up the waters in the world’s oceans. Cold polar water is drawn down from higher latitudes and sinks to the ocean bottom, pulled down toward the equator as lighter, warmer water rises to the ocean’s surface.

How does convection happen in the sun?

Convection in the Sun

The sun’s core is hotter than its outer layers. Hot plasma rises from the core towards the surface, where it cools and sinks back towards the core. This process forms convection cells that we see as solar granules.

How does convection current occur in the upper part of the mantle?

While conduction seems the more obvious method for heat transfer, convection also occurs in the mantle. The warmer, less dense rock material near the core slowly moves upward. … While the mantle material remains solid, the heat and pressure allow convection currents to move the mantle material.

Where is convection used in industry?

Our convection heating systems can be used in a wide array of industrial applications, including: Aluminum aging. Curing coatings. Curing resins.

How convection affects the formation of mountains?

As tectonic plates slowly move away from each other, heat from the mantle’s convection currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense. The less-dense material rises, often forming a mountain or elevated area of the seafloor. Eventually, the crust cracks.

How do the plate tectonics theory explain where volcanoes are located?

The dominant theory, framed by Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963, states that these volcanoes are created by exceptionally hot areas fixed deep below Earth’s mantle. These hot spots are able to independently melt the tectonic plate above them, creating magma that erupts onto the top of the plate.

How does convection in Earth’s mantle affects the formation of landmass like volcano and mountain?

When warm material in the mantle rises up to the surface (ground), it. will cool and sinks, these cooled materials will eventually be turned into. landmass.