photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with

Photochemical Smog Is Formed When Primary Pollutants Interact With?

nitrogen oxides

Which substance creates photochemical smog when it interacts with primary pollutants?

Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions.

What three primary pollutants are involved with photochemical smog?

Among the pollutants involved in photochemical smogs are ozone, nitrogen dioxide and peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN). The nitrogen dioxide, and other oxides of nitrogen, are primary pollutants produced by dissociation in combustion reactions, and both ‘prompt’ and ‘thermal’ NO_x can be involved in the reactions.

What pollutants are in photochemical smog?

Photochemical smog is a brownish-gray haze caused by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. It contains anthropogenic air pollutants, mainly ozone, nitric acid, and organic compounds, which are trapped near the ground by temperature inversion.

What is photochemical smog how is it formed and how does it effect?

Photochemical smog is a type of smog produced when ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. It is visible as a brown haze, and is most prominent during the morning and afternoon, especially in densely populated, warm cities.

How Photochemical smog is formed?

Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer, because that is when we have the most sunlight.

Is photochemical smog a primary pollutant?

Photochemical smog is composed of primary and secondary pollutants. Primary pollutants, which include nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, are introduced into the atmosphere via vehicular emissions and industrial processes. … Photochemical smog is most common in sunny and dry cities, like Los Angeles.

What is photochemical smog in environmental chemistry?

Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution due to the reaction of solar radiation with airborne pollutant mixtures of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (hydrocarbons). Smog is a byproduct of modern industrialization. … Oxidation: Photochemical smog is also referred to as oxidizing smog.

How is photochemical smog formed what secondary pollutant is a major component?

Smog forms when sunlight, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds are present. The secondary pollutant ozone is a major component of photochemical smog. … Acidic desposition, which is comprised of hydrogen, sulfate, and nitrate ions, forms from both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Is formaldehyde a component of photochemical smog?

The common components of photochemical smog are ozone, nitric oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN).

What is smog is it a primary or secondary pollutant?

Smog. Another most important secondary pollutant is the Smog, which has made up of Smoke and Fog.

Is industrial smog a primary pollutant?

While industrial smog’s primary pollutants of coal and fossil fuels mixing with dense water vapor are widely understood, the creation of secondary pollutants — the ones created when primary pollutants react with substances normally found in the atmosphere — is the root of most of the human health problems.

See also how many colors are there in a rainbow

Which of the pollutants are responsible for the cause of smog?

2. Which of the following pollutants are responsible for the cause of SMOG? Answer: (c) Both incinerators and emissions from vehicles.

What are the effects of photochemical smog How can photochemical smog be controlled?

CONTROL MEASURES:

Photochemical smog is obtained from the burning of fossil fuels and automobile fuels that emit NO₂ and hydrocarbons, which in turn form ozone, PAN, and other chemicals. To prevent the release of NO₂ and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere, the use of catalytic converters in automobiles is recommended.

What is the effect of photochemical smog?

Ozone and nitric oxide (NO) can irritate the nose and throat and their high concentration causes a headache, chest pain, dryness of the throat, cough and difficulty in breathing. Photochemical smog leads to cracking of rubber and extensive damage to plant life.

Which of the following is responsible for photochemical smog *?

Detailed Solution

Thus photochemical smog is mainly composed of oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds (primary pollutants), Carbon monoxide, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) (secondary pollutants). Carbon monoxide accelerates the reaction as measured by nitric oxide oxidation or ozone formation.

How photochemical is formed?

Photochemical form is formed by a complex series of chemical reactions involving sunlight, oxides of nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds that are present in the atmosphere as a result of air pollution. These reactions often result in the formation of ground level ozone and certain airborne particles.

How is photochemical smog formed quizlet?

Photochemical smog is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic hydrocarbons react when activated by sunlight. … 3) When exposed to UV radiation from the sun, some NO2 reacts with hydrocarbons to form photochemical oxidants such as ozone, nitric acid, aldehydes and other pollutants.

Which molecules are produced during formation of photochemical smog?

Photochemical Smog. Photochemical smog, as commonly seen in the Los Angeles Basin, is mainly composed of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. During the formation of ozone, nitrogen dioxide from vehicle exhaust is photolyzed by incoming solar radiation to produce nitrogen oxide and an unpaired oxygen atom.

How is smog different from photochemical smog?

Sulfurous smog, also known as London smog, develops due to high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air. … Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with oxides of nitrogen and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere.

What is industrial smog and photochemical smog?

Classical smog is primarily the product of coal-fueled fires from factories and is also known as industrial smog. The smog common in Los Angeles comes from automobile and other fossil-fuel emissions; since the energy of the Sun makes it noxious, it’s known as photochemical smog.

Is photochemical smog a secondary pollutant?

Secondary pollutants are pollutants which form in the atmosphere. These pollutants are not emitted directly from a source (like vehicles or power plants). … Photochemical smog is made up of various secondary pollutants like ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), and nitric acid (seen in Figure 2).

What is photochemical air pollution?

Photochemical air pollution is pollution caused by the reaction of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics and aldehydes (emitted owing to the incomplete combustion of fuels) with light. It causes eye irritation.

What is a photochemical reaction in chemistry?

photochemical reaction, a chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of energy in the form of light. The consequence of molecules’ absorbing light is the creation of transient excited states whose chemical and physical properties differ greatly from the original molecules.

Why is photochemical smog a secondary pollutant?

An important secondary pollutant for photochemical smog is ozone, which is formed when hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) combine in the presence of sunlight; nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which is formed as nitric oxide (NO) combines with oxygen (O₂) in the air.

What are primary pollutants and secondary pollutants?

A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source. A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere.

What is the main secondary parameter responsible for photochemical reactions resulting for photochemical smog formation in the atmosphere?

The photolytic ultraviolet (UV) and short wavelength visible radiation (∼290–500 nm) is primarily responsible for abiotic photochemical reactions.

Which of the following pollutant is the major contributor to photochemical smog?

Ozone Option 2 is the correct answer: Ozone is the major contributor to photochemical smog.

Which is not component of photochemical smog?

Some of the common nitrogenous compounds are NOX, PAN of which PAN is peroxyacetyl nitrate which is a component of the photochemical smog. But the CFC or chlorofluorocarbon is not a component of the smog as it takes part in the depletion of the ozone layer.

What is photochemical smog list the factors that favor the formation of photochemical smog?

Photochemical smog development factors

1-Nitrogen source and released organic combinations, combining high density of this material with industrializing and transportation are important factors forming photochemical smog. These factors cause some pollution to form in atmosphere by combustion fossil fuel.