what name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism
What Name Is Given To The Collection Of Traits Exhibited By An Organism?
In genetics, the phenotype (from Greek φαινο- (faino-) ‘showing’, and τύπος (túpos) ‘type’) is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
What is the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
The observable traits expressed by an organism are referred to as its phenotype. An organism’s underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles, is called its genotype.
What determines the traits of an organism?
A trait is a specific characteristic of an organism. Traits can be determined by genes or the environment, or more commonly by interactions between them. The genetic contribution to a trait is called the genotype.
What are the 3 types of phenotypes?
With one locus and additive effects we have three phenotypic classes: AA, Aa and aa.
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
hydrogen bonding
The hydrogen bonding between complementary bases holds the two strands of DNA together.
See also how much meat do tigers eat a dayWhere is RNA translated into protein?
the ribosome Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. The ribosome has a small and a large subunit and is a complex molecule composed of several ribosomal RNA molecules and a number of proteins.What’s a DNA molecule?
DNA is the chemical name for the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living things. The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.What is a gene responsible for expression of a trait called?
The gene responsible for the expression of a trait is called a dominant allele. Genes come in different varieties, called alleles. Somatic cells contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each parent of an organism.
Which refers to the different forms of genes representing a certain trait?
alternate forms or varieties of a gene. The alleles for a trait occupy the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes and thus govern the same trait. However, because they are different, their action may result in different expressions of that trait.
What factor determines the trait that a given gene will express?
The expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the organism is located or develops, as well as the organism’s internal world, which includes such factors as its hormones and metabolism.
What is the phenotype of an organism?
The term “phenotype” refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism’s appearance, development, and behavior. An organism’s phenotype is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes the organism carries, as well as by environmental influences upon these genes.
What is an organism’s genotype?
In a broad sense, the term “genotype” refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism’s complete set of genes. … Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene. For example, in sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color has two alleles.
What are 2 examples of genotypes?
Other examples of genotype include: Hair color. Height. Shoe size.…
Genotype examples
- A gene encodes eye color.
- In this example, the allele is either brown, or blue, with one inherited from the mother, and the other inherited from the father.
- The brown allele is dominant (B), and the blue allele is recessive (b).
What name is given to the interaction between a purine and pyrimidine base in strands of DNA?
The purines on one strand of DNA form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding pyrimidines on the opposite strand of DNA, and vice versa, to hold the two strands together. Within DNA molecules, this is their most important function and is known as base pairing.
What type of bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands quizlet?
The two strands themselves are connected by hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds are found between the bases of the two strands of nucleotides. Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine whereas guanine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine. This is called complementary base pairing.
What bonds hold DNA bases together?
The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases, with adenine forming a base pair with thymine, and cytosine forming a base pair with guanine.
What is translation in biochemistry?
Translation is a process by which polypeptides are synthesized from a mRNA transcript, which was previously synthesized from the process of transcription. During this process, tRNA acts as a carrier by bringing with it specific amino acids to the ribosome, which are then incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain.
What is initiation translation?
Initiation (“beginning”): in this stage, the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin. Elongation (“middle”): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain. See also when gross private domestic investment exceeds depreciation, it can be concluded that:What is another name of a chain of amino acids?
Amino AcidsProteins consist of one or more chains of amino acids called polypeptides. The sequence of the amino acid chain causes the polypeptide to fold into a shape that is biologically active. The amino acid sequences of proteins are encoded in the genes.
What is a cellular nucleus?
The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. … A double-layered membrane, the nuclear envelope, separates the contents of the nucleus from the cellular cytoplasm.What is meant by an allele?
An allele is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome. … Genotypes are described as homozygous if there are two identical alleles at a particular locus and as heterozygous if the two alleles differ.
How do you pronounce the word DNA?
Which of the following is responsible for the hereditary traits?
Genes carry the information that determines your traits (say: trates), which are features or characteristics that are passed on to you — or inherited — from your parents. Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes.
What are the heterozygous genotypes?
(HEH-teh-roh-ZY-gus JEE-noh-tipe) The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles (compound heterozygote).
What is genetic trait selection?
Genetic selection is the process by which certain traits become more prevalent in a species than other traits. These traits seen in an organism are due to the genes found on their chromosomes. … A variation or allele of a trait makes some individuals more suited to survive in the environment. See also explain why the populations of a predator and its prey often follow regular cycles.How do you call to a different form of a gene that controls a certain trait?
An allele is an alternative form of a gene (in diploids, one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Diploid organisms, for example, humans, have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells, and these contain two copies of each gene.
What is a physical trait called?
Phenotype is defined as an organism’s expressed physical traits. Phenotype is determined by an individual’s genotype and expressed genes, random genetic variation, and environmental influences. Examples of an organism’s phenotype include traits such as color, height, size, shape, and behavior.
What are different forms of the same gene?
Different versions of the same gene are called alleles. Genes can have two or more possible alleles. Individual humans have two alleles, or versions, of every gene.
What alters gene expression?
Several genetic or epigenetic events can alter gene expression and we assess their importance in multistage carcinogenesis. Mutation and chromosome rearrangement can produce changes in DNA sequence which have been identified in some cancer cells.
Which of the following determines the trait of an individual?
Traits are determined by an individual’s genotype, the summation of the genes in our DNA. A gene is a portion of a chromosome. A chromosome is composed of DNA and contains the genetic material for an organism. Humans have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes.
When environmental factors influence gene expression this is referred to as quizlet?
When environmental factors influence gene expression, this is referred to as: multifactorial inheritance.
What’s genotype and phenotype?
A phenotype is an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type. The genetic contribution to the phenotype is called the genotype. Some traits are largely determined by the genotype, while other traits are largely determined by environmental factors.What is the collection of alleles that determine the physical or phenotypic characteristics of an organism?
The collection of all the genes and the various alternate or allelic forms of those genes within a population is called its gene pool.
